# 패켓 스위칭 (Packet Switching)
1) 라우팅(Routing)
- Layer 3 계층 데이터 전송 처리
- Layer 3 계층 주소 사용 (IP 주소)
- 라우팅 테이블(Routing Table) 참조
2) 스위칭(Switching)
- Layer 2 계층 데이터 전송 처리
- Layer 2 계층 주소 사용 (이더넷 구간 : MAC 주소, Frame-Relay 구간 : DLCI 주소)
- 스위치 장비 : MAC-Address-Table 참조
- Frame-Relay 구간 : Frame-Relay Map, DLCI 테이블 참조
3) 패켓(Pakcet) : Layer 3 계층 데이터 단위
4) 프레임(Frame) : Layer 2 계층 데이타 단위
5) ARP : Layer 3 계층 주소(IP)를 이용하여 Layer 2 계층 주소(MAC)를 학습하는 기능
6) Inverse-ARP : Layer 2 계층 주소(DLCI)를 이용하여 Layer 3 계층 주소(IP) 학습하는 기능
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1) Frame-Relay 기본 설정 (Inverse-ARP)
R1(config)# int s1/3
R1(config-if)# ip address x.x.123.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config)# int s1/3
R2(config-if)# ip address x.x.123.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R3(config)# int s1/3
R3(config-if)# ip address x.x.123.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)# no shutdown
- R1 ~ R3에서 'show frame-relay map'를 실시하여 학습한 정보 확인 실시
R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), dynamic,
broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), dynamic,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
R2#show frame-relay map
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), dynamic,
broadcast,, status defined, active
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.3 dlci 203(0xCB,0x30B0), dynamic,
broadcast,, status defined, active
R3#show frame-relay map
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), dynamic,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.2 dlci 302(0x12E,0x48E0), dynamic,
broadcast,, status defined, active
1) R1이 R2 넥스트-홉 IP 주소 x.x.123.2를 학습할때 사용하는 DLCI 번호는? 102
2) R1이 R3 넥스트-홉 IP 주소 x.x.123.3를 학습할때 사용하는 DLCI 번호는? 103
3) R2가 R1 넥스트-홉 IP 주소 x.x.123.1를 학습할때 사용하는 DLCI 번호는? 201
4) R2가 R3 넥스트-홉 IP 주소 x.x.123.3를 학습할때 사용하는 DLCI 번호는? 203
5) R3가 R1 넥스트-홉 IP 주소 x.x.123.1를 학습할때 사용하는 DLCI 번호는? 301
6) R3가 R2 넥스트-홉 IP 주소 x.x.123.2를 학습할때 사용하는 DLCI 번호는? 302
- 각각의 라우터에서 넥스트-홉 IP 주소로 Ping 테스트를 실시하여라.
R1#debug frame-relay packet
Frame Relay packet debugging is on
R1#
R1#ping x.x.123.2
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 13.13.123.2, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 44/104/144 ms
R1#
*Mar 1 00:38:44.059: Serial1/3(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.163: Serial1/3(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.167: Serial1/3(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.307: Serial1/3(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.315: Serial1/3(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.419: Serial1/3(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.427: Serial1/3(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.535: Serial1/3(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.543: Serial1/3(o): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800(IP), datagramsize 104
*Mar 1 00:38:44.579: Serial1/3(i): dlci 102(0x1861), pkt type 0x800, datagramsize 104
R1,R2,R3(config)# default int s1/3
R1,R2,R3(config)# int s1/3
R1,R2,R3(config-if)# shutdown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Frame-Relay 정적 설정 (Inverse-ARP 사용 X)
- Hub 라우터 : R1
- Spoke 라우터 : R2, R3
R1(config)# int s1/3
R1(config-if)# ip address x.x.123.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)# no frame-relay inverse-arp
R1(config-if)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.2 102 broadcast
R1(config-if)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.3 103 broadcast
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config)# int s1/3
R2(config-if)# ip address x.x.123.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)# no frame-relay invese-arp
R2(config-if)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.1 201 broadcast
R2(config-if)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.3 201 broadcast
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R3(config)# int s1/3
R3(config-if)# ip address x.x.123.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)# no frame-relay inverse-arp
R3(config-if)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.1 301 broadcast
R3(config-if)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.2 301 broadcast
R3(config-if)# no shutdown
- R1 ~ R3에서 'show frame-relay map'를 실시하여 학습한 정보 확인 실시
- 각각의 라우터에서 넥스트-홉 IP 주소로 Ping 테스트를 실시하여라.
R1#show frame-relay map
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.2 dlci 102(0x66,0x1860), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.3 dlci 103(0x67,0x1870), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
R2#show frame-relay map
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.1 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.3 dlci 201(0xC9,0x3090), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
R3#show frame-relay map
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.1 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
Serial1/3 (up): ip 13.13.123.2 dlci 301(0x12D,0x48D0), static,
broadcast,
CISCO, status defined, active
R2# traceroute x.x.123.3
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 13.13.123.3
1 13.13.123.1 80 msec 176 msec 116 msec
2 13.13.123.3 676 msec 192 msec *
[참고] traceroute 실패시 중단하는 방법
R2#traceroute 13.13.123.4
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 13.13.123.4
1 * * * <--- 도중에 'Ctrl+Shift+6' 실시
2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- R1 ~ R3에서 RIPv2 설정 실시
R1,R2,R3(config)# route rip
R1,R2,R3(config-router)# version 2
R1,R2,R3(config-router)# no auto-summary
R1,R2,R3(config-router)# network x.0.0.0
- R1 ~ R3에서 'show ip route'를 실시하여 RIP 경로 확인 및 Ping 테스트 실시
R1#ping x.x.2.1 R2#ping x.x.1.1 R3#ping x.x.1.1
R1#ping x.x.3.1 R2#ping x.x.3.1 R3#ping x.x.2.1
- Distance Vector 라우팅 프로토콜(RIPv1, RIPv2, IGRP, EIGRP)를 사용할 경우
Frame-Relay 환경(NBMA)과 Split-Horizon 관계
Ex1) R1[S1/3]--------------FR---------------[S1/3]R2
ip split-horizon 실시 ip split-horizon 실시
Hub 라우터
Ex2) R1[S1/3]--------------FR--------------
no ip split-horizon 상태가 되어야한다.(기본 상태)
R1#show ip interface s1/3
Serial1/3 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 13.13.123.1/24
Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
Address determined by setup command
MTU is 1500 bytes
Helper address is not set
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.9
Outgoing access list is not set
Inbound access list is not set
Proxy ARP is enabled
Local Proxy ARP is disabled
Security level is default
Split horizon is disabled <- FR 주인터페이스에서는 자동으로 Disalbe 상태이다.
Router(config-if)# ip split-horizon (EIGRP 경우 : ip split-horizon eigrp AS 번호)
Router(config-if)# no ip split-horizon (EIGRP 경우 : no ip split-horizon eigrp AS 번호)
R1,R2,R3(config)# default int s1/3
R1,R2,R3(config)# int s1/3
R1,R2,R3(config-if)# shutdown
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 서브 인터페이스(Sub-Interface) 사용
1) 확장성 보장
2) Split-Horizon 문제 해결
3) 2가지 타입으로 사용 : 'Point-to-Point', 'Multipoint'
R1(config)# int s1/3
R1(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config)# int s1/3.?
<0-4294967295> Serial interface number
R1(config)#int s1/3.1 ?
multipoint Treat as a multipoint link <--------------- NBMA 환경
point-to-point Treat as a point-to-point link <---------- P2P 환경
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3) Frame-Relay 서브-인터페이스 설정 (Point-to-Point)
R1[s1/3.12]---[s1/3.12]R2 : x.x.12.0/24
x.x.12.1 x.x.12.2
(102) (201)
R1[s1/3.13]---[s1/3/13]R3 : x.x.13.0/24
x.x.13.1 x.x.13.3
(103) (301)
R1(config)# int s1/3
R1(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# int s1/3.12 point-to-point <- R2와 PVC를 생성하는 서브-인터페이스
R1(config-subif)# ip address x.x.12.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)# frame-relay interface-dlci 102
R1(config-subif)# int s1/3.13 point-to-point <- R3와 PVC를 생성하는 서브-인터페이스
R1(config-subif)# ip address x.x.13.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)# frame-relay interface-dlci 103
R2(config)# int s1/3
R2(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config-if)# int s1/3.12 point-to-point <- R1과 PVC를 생성하는 서브-인터페이스
R2(config-subif)# ip address x.x.12.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-subif)# frame-relay interface-dlci 201
R3(config)# int s1/3
R3(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R3(config-if)# no shutdown
R3(config-if)# int s1/3.13 point-to-point <- R1과 PVC를 생성하는 서브-인터페이스
R3(config-subif)# ip address x.x.13.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)# frame-relay interface-dlci 301
- R1 ~ R3에서 'show frame-relay map'를 실시하여 학습한 정보 확인 실시
- R1 ~ R3에서 'show ip route'를 실시하여 RIP 경로 확인 및 Ping 테스트 실시
R1#ping x.x.2.1 R2#ping x.x.1.1 R3#ping x.x.1.1
R1#ping x.x.3.1 R2#ping x.x.3.1 R3#ping x.x.2.1
- R1에서 'show ip interface s1/3.12'를 실시하여 Split-Horizon 상태 확인
R1#show ip interface serial 1/3.12
Serial1/3.12 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 13.13.12.1/24
Broadcast address is 255.255.255.255
Address determined by setup command
MTU is 1500 bytes
Helper address is not set
Directed broadcast forwarding is disabled
Multicast reserved groups joined: 224.0.0.9
Outgoing access list is not set
Inbound access list is not set
Proxy ARP is enabled
Local Proxy ARP is disabled
Security level is default
Split horizon is enabled <- FR 서브 인터페이스느 Split-Horizon이 기본적으로 Enable 상태임
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R1(config)#no int s1/3.12
Not all config may be removed and may reappear after reactivating the sub-interface
- 완전하게 삭제된 것이 아니라, 's1/3.12'를 다시 생성하면 원래 타입이였던
'Point-to-Point' 타입으로 생성된다.
- 그렇기 때문에 's1/3.12'는 다른 타입은 'Multipoint' 타입으로는 생성할 수 없다.
R1(config)#int s1/3.12 multipoint
% Warning: cannot change link type
R1(config)# no int s1/3.12
R1(config)# no int s1/3.13
R2(config)# no int s1/3.12
R3(config)# no int s1/3.13
R1,R2,R3(config)# default int s1/3
R1,R2,R3(config)# int s1/3
R1,R2,R3(config-if)# shutdown
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
4) Frame-Relay 서브-인터페이스 설정 (Multipoint)
- Hub 라우터 : R1[s1/3.123] <---------------- Split Horizon을 Disable 해야한다.
- Spoke 라우터 : R2[s1/3.123], R3[s1/3.123]
- 서브넷 : x.x.123.0/24
R1(config)# int s1/3
R1(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R1(config-if)# no frame-relay inverse-arp
R1(config-if)# no shutdown
R1(config-if)# int s1/3.123 multipoint
R1(config-subif)# ip address x.x.123.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-subif)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.2 102 broadcast
R1(config-subif)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.3 103 broadcast
R1(config-subif)# no ip split-horizion (no ip split-horizon eigrp AS 번호)
R2(config)# int s1/3
R2(config-if)# encapsulation frame-relay
R2(config-if)# no frame-relay inverse-arp
R2(config-if)# no shutdown
R2(config-if)# int s1/3.123 multipoint
R2(config-subif)# ip address x.x.123.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-subif)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.1 201 broadcast
R2(config-subif)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.3 201 broadcast
R3(config)# int s1/3
R3(config-if)# en fr
R3(config-if)# no frame inver
R3(config-if)# no sh
R3(config-if)# int s1/3.123 mutlipoint
R3(config-subif)# ip address x.x.123.3 255.255.255.0
R3(config-subif)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.1 301 broadcast
R3(config-subif)# frame-relay map ip x.x.123.2 301 broadcast
- R1 ~ R3에서 'show frame-relay map'를 실시하여 학습한 정보 확인 실시
- R1 ~ R3에서 'show ip route'를 실시하여 RIP 경로 확인 및 Ping 테스트 실시
R1#ping x.x.2.1 R2#ping x.x.1.1 R3#ping x.x.1.1
R1#ping x.x.3.1 R2#ping x.x.3.1 R3#ping x.x.2.1
CCNA 2.0 Study Guide.pdf
Cisco TCP-IP Professional Reference.zip
nat_&_dhcp.ppt









dynagen-0.10.1_dynamips-0.8.0-RC1_Win_XP_setup.exe
Dynamips.hwp